This issue is most likely caused by corrupt folder hierarchy of the user. 

"This folder has not yet been updated" may also be displayed in the bottom of the Outlook window.

Try the following steps to troubleshoot this issue:

Step 1: Start Outlook with switch /ResetFolders
-----------------------------
We use the /ResetFolders switch to restore folders for the default delivery
location. To do this, please follow the steps below:

1. Quit Outlook if it is running.
2. Click Start, and then click Run.
3. In the Open box, type "Outlook.exe /ResetFolders" (without the quotation
mark and there is a space in front of "/") and press Enter.

If this issue still occurs, please go to next steps.

Step 2: Disable third party antivirus software
-------------------------
Since this issue does not occur when you configure the user's profile on
your computer, it appears to be related to particular computers. My
research shows that some third party firewalls or antivirus programs may
cause this issue. So I suggest that we temporarily disable or remove all
the firewalls and antivirus programs on the problematic system and test
again whether the problem still exists.

Step 3: Start Outlook Safe Mode:
-------------------------
Outlook Safe Mode will disable all add-ins, extensions, corrupted
resources, files, registries, or templates.

1. Click Start, and then click Run
2. Type "Outlook.exe /safe" and click OK. (Without quotation marks but
there is a space in front of "/")